Benefits of Yoga and health

 

16 Benefits of Yoga That Are Supported by Science

                        https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/13-benefits-of-yoga

While modern media and advertising may have us think that yoga is all about physical poses, the entirety of yoga includes a wide range of contemplative and self-disciplinary practices, such as meditation, chanting, mantra, prayer, breath work, ritual, and even selfless action.

The word “yoga” comes from the root word “yuj,” which means “to yoke” or “to bind.” The word itself has numerous meanings, from an astrological conjunction to matrimony, with the underlying theme being connection.

Yoga asana is the physical practice and postures of yoga.

The scientific research into yoga’s benefits is still somewhat preliminary, but much of the evidence so far supports what practitioners seem to have known for millennia: Yoga is incredibly beneficial to our overall well-being.

Let’s look at 16 of the many benefits of yoga in greater depth.

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1. Yoga improves flexibility

In 2016, two of yoga’s leading organizations, Yoga Journal and Yoga Alliance, conducted a worldwide survey looking at a variety of statistics about yoga in an attempt to quantify its value amid ever-increasing popularity.

The most cited reason people selected for doing yoga was to “increase flexibility” (1).

Flexibility is an important component of physical health. Yoga offers many styles to choose from, varying in intensity from high to moderate to mild. Even the lowest intensity styles have been found to increase flexibility (2Trusted Source, 3Trusted Source).

Yoga seems to be especially helpful for improving flexibility in adults ages 65 and older. Reduced flexibility is a natural part of aging, and a 2019 study found that yoga both slowed down loss and improved flexibility in older adults (4Trusted Source).

2. Yoga helps with stress relief

The American Psychological Association recently shared that 84% of American adults are feeling the impact of prolonged stress (5).

So, it makes sense that the second most cited reason people selected as to why they do yoga was to relieve stress. Thankfully, the science supports that yoga, and especially asana, is excellent at reducing stress (6Trusted Source).

But remember — the physical practice is just one aspect of yoga. Meditation, breath work, and auditory rituals, like chanting and sound baths, have all also been shown to significantly lessen tension and relieve stress (7Trusted Source).

3. Yoga improves mental health

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is thought to be one of the most common mental health disorders in the world.

A 2017 meta-analysis of 23 interventions looking at the effects of yoga-based treatments on depressive symptoms overwhelmingly concluded that yoga can now be considered an effective alternative treatment for MDD (8Trusted Source).

Both movement-based yoga therapies and breathing-based practices have been shown to significantly improve depressive symptoms (9Trusted Source).

4. Yoga may reduce inflammation

Often, the precursor to illness is chronic inflammation. Heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, Crohn’s disease, and many other conditions are linked to prolonged inflammation (10Trusted Source).

One review examined 15 research studies and found a common result: Yoga — of various styles, intensities, and durations — reduced the biochemical markers of inflammation across several chronic conditions (11).

5. Yoga will likely increase your strength

While most people associate yoga with stretching and flexibility, some types of yoga classes can also be considered strength-building. It just depends on the class level, approach, and teacher. This makes yoga asana a multimodal form of exercise (4Trusted Source).

Yoga’s effectiveness at building strength has been studied in several specific contexts — for instance, as it pertains to people with breast cancer, older adults, and children (4Trusted Source, 12, 13Trusted Source).

Another study conducted on air force personnel found yoga to be an effective strength-building practice across many age groups of healthy participants (14Trusted Source).

6. Yoga may reduce anxiety

The Anxiety and Depression Association of America recently stated that anxiety disorders may be the most common mental health disorders in the United States (15).

There are a number of different anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, and specific phobias. Even chronic stress can sometimes be categorized as an anxiety disorder.

Numerous studies suggest that yoga asana may be effective as an alternative treatment for anxiety disorders, though several of the researchers request additional replicated studies before conclusively stating as much (6Trusted Source, 16Trusted Source).

Yoga nidra, which is a body scan/guided meditation, has been shown to conclusively reduce symptoms of anxiety (17Trusted Source).

7. Yoga may improve quality of life

The World Health Organization defines quality of life (QOL) as “an individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns” (18Trusted Source).

Some factors that affect QOL are relationships, creativity, learning opportunities, health, and material comforts.

For decades, researchers have viewed QOL as an important predictor of people’s longevity and patients’ likelihood of improvement when treated for a chronic illness or injury (19Trusted Source).

A 2019 meta-analysis shows promising potential for yoga to improve QOL in people with chronic pain (20).

8. Yoga may boost immunity

Chronic stress negatively effects your immune system (21Trusted Source).

When your immunity is compromised, you’re more susceptible to illness. However, as discussed earlier, yoga is considered a scientifically backed alternative treatment for stress.

The research is still evolving, but some studies have found a distinct link between practicing yoga (especially consistently over the long term) and better immune system functioning.

This is due in part to yoga’s ability to fight inflammation and in part to the enhancement of cell-mediated immunity (22Trusted Source).

9. Yoga can improve balance

Balance is not just important when you’re trying to stand on one leg in Tree Pose in yoga class. It’s also essential for simple everyday movements such as picking something up off the floor, reaching up to a shelf, and descending stairs.

Yoga has been shown to improve balance and overall performance in athletes (3Trusted Source).

Likewise, a review of the research conducted on healthy populations suggests balance may improve for most people after consistently practicing yoga (23Trusted Source).

Still, falling can have serious effects for certain populations. According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, falls are incredibly common among older adults in nursing facilities, and even the simplest ones can lead to an increased risk of death (24).

Newer research suggests yoga can improve balance in older populations (25, 26Trusted Source).

However, more studies with large sample sizes are needed before a general conclusion can be drawn.

Yoga asana can also be helpful at improving balance in people with brain injuries (27).

Adaptive yoga or chair yoga can be especially helpful for older adults or people with injuries who are less mobile or for whom balance is a concern.

10. Yoga may improve cardiovascular functioning

Pranayama, often referred to as “yogic breathing,” is an important and beneficial aspect of yoga.

The Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine published a review of 1,400 studies looking at the overall effects of pranayama. One key takeaway was that yogic breathing can improve the functioning of several systems in the body (28).

Specifically, the research summarized in the review found that the cardiovascular system benefited mightily from controlling the pace of breathing, as evidenced by favorable changes in heart rate, stroke capacity, arterial pressure, and contractility of the heart (28).

This research indicates that yogic breathing may actually influence the brain’s cardiorespiratory center to improve functioning (28).

11. Yoga may help improve sleep

When measuring sleep, researchers look at a person’s ability to both fall asleep and stay asleep. Insomnia can affect one or both of these aspects.

Yoga has been shown to improve both how quickly people fall asleep and how deeply they stay asleep. This is partly due to the aftereffects of exercise and the mental calming and stress relief provided by yoga specifically (29Trusted Source, 30Trusted Source).

In addition to improving anxiety (or perhaps because of it), numerous studies show yoga nidra to be particularly helpful at improving sleep (31Trusted Source, 32).

12. Yoga may improve self-esteem

Body image and self-esteem are often particularly challenging for adolescents and young adults. The good news is that several recent studies show positive results when using yoga for improving self-esteem and perceived body image in these populations (33Trusted Source, 34Trusted Source).

There has also been promising evidence that yoga could help with the accompanying symptoms of obsession, anxiety, and depression in patients with anorexia nervosa (35Trusted Source).

13. Yoga may improve bone health

Many postures in yoga are isometric contractions, meaning the length of the muscles holding the pose doesn’t change, though they are fully engaged.

For example, in Plank Pose, which is an upper pushup position, the arms, trunk, and legs are all engaged, without shortening or lengthening as they would if you were moving through a pushup.

In Warrior II, you hold a position with the lead leg bent at both the hip and knee. Isometric exercises — especially when performed with the joints in flexion — have been found to increase bone density (36).

Yoga asana may also reverse the bone loss associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis. One study showed that just 12 minutes of yoga per day can significantly improve bone health (37Trusted Source).

That said, it’s important to note that the findings related to yoga’s impact on bone density have been mixed, and therefore inconclusive, so far (38).

14. Yoga can promote better posture and body awareness

As a modern society reliant on technology, we seem to be spending more and more time sitting or hunched over devices.

But one recent review of 34 research studies found an emerging pattern: Yoga improved brain functioning in the centers responsible for interoception (recognizing the sensations within your body) and posture (39Trusted Source).

Additionally, yoga’s focus on mobility and flexibility can contribute to better alignment by releasing muscles that are often tight, such as the hamstrings, and improving mobility of the spine (40Trusted Source).

Doing yoga poses during breaks in your workouts can also promote better posture.

15. Yoga can improve brain functioning

Yoga truly is a mind-body exercise, studies suggest.

The review mentioned above found that practicing yoga activated areas of the brain responsible for motivation, executive functioning, attention, and neuroplasticity (39Trusted Source).

16. Yoga can help with burnout

It seems like burnout — excessive exhaustion that effects one’s health — is at an all-time high.

A recent study looking at burnout among hospice workers during the COVID-19 pandemic concluded that yoga-based meditation interventions helped significantly reduce the effects of burnout by improving interoceptive awareness (41Trusted Source).

This is the ability to notice internal signals and respond appropriately — meaning yoga may help people become more in tune with, and even more likely to listen to, their body’s signals.

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